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J. bras. pneumol ; 36(1): 84-91, jan.-fev. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539439

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da traqueostomia precoce e da traqueostomia tardia em pacientes com lesão cerebral aguda grave. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 28 pacientes admitidos na UTI do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora com diagnóstico de lesão cerebral aguda grave e apresentando escore na escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG) < 8 nas primeiras 48 h de internação. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: traqueostomia precoce (TP), realizada em até 8 dias; e traqueostomia tardia (TT), realizada após 8 dias. Dados demográficos e os escores Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, ECG e Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) do dia da admissão foram coletados. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas em relação aos dados demográficos ou aos escores coletados nos grupos TP e TT: APACHE II (26 ± 6 vs. 28 ± 8; p = 0,37), SOFA (6,3 ± 2,7 vs. 7,2 ± 3,0; p = 0,43) e ECG (5,4 ± 1,7 vs. 5,5 ± 1,7; p = 0,87). A mortalidade em 28 dias foi menor no grupo TP (9 por cento vs. 47 por cento; p = 0,04). Pneumonia nosocomial precoce (até 7 dias) foi menos frequente no grupo TP, mas essa diferença não foi significativa (0 por cento vs. 23 por cento, p = 0,13). Não houve diferenças em relação à ocorrência de pneumonia tardia ou ao tempo de ventilação mecânica entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Baseado nesses achados, a traqueostomia precoce deve ser considerada em pacientes com lesão cerebral aguda grave.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of early tracheostomy and of late tracheostomy in patients with acute severe brain injury. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 28 patients admitted to the ICU of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Hospital in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, diagnosed with acute severe brain injury and presenting with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score < 8 within the first 48 h of hospitalization. The patients were divided into two groups: early tracheostomy (ET), performed within the first 8 days after admission; and late tracheostomy (LT), performed after postadmission day 8. At admission, we collected demographic data and determined the following scores: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, GCS and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups (ET vs. LT) regarding the demographic data or the scores: APACHE II (26 ± 6 vs. 28 ± 8; p = 0.37), SOFA (6.3 ± 2.7 vs. 7.2 ± 3.0; p = 0.43) and GCS (5.4 ± 1.7 vs. 5.5 ± 1.7; p = 0.87). The 28-day mortality rate was lower in the ET group (9 percent vs. 47 percent; p = 0.04). Nosocomial pneumonia occurring within the first 7 days was less common in the ET group, although the difference was not significant (0 percent vs. 23 percent; p = 0.13). There were no differences regarding the occurrence of late pneumonia or in the duration of mechanical ventilation between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, early tracheostomy should be considered in patients with acute severe brain injury.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Injuries/surgery , Respiration, Artificial , Tracheostomy/methods , Acute Disease , Epidemiologic Methods , Pneumonia/etiology , Pneumonia/prevention & control , Time Factors , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Tracheostomy/mortality
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